Insomnia is a sleep disorder many people suffer from and it is characterized by having difficulties falling and staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep. Hence, insomnia patients lack quality sleep resulting in low energy levels, mood changes, reduced work performance, impaired health, as well as reduced quality of life.

That said, if you want to learn more about insomnia, continue reading this article.

Insomnia Symptoms

If you suspect that you have insomnia, look out for the following symptoms:

• Difficulty falling asleep
• Frequent awakenings at night
• Waking up too early
• Feeling tired after waking up
• Daytime sleepiness
• Anxiety, depression, or irritability
• Having trouble focusing or remembering
• Constantly worrying about sleep

Insomnia Causes

Although insomnia may be the primary problem, sometimes it is linked to other health conditions, drugs, or habits which are considered to be the underlying cause. Here’s a brief list of the most common chronic insomnia causes:

• Stress, stressful life event, or trauma
• Travel or work schedule like jet lag and working in shifts
• Poor sleep habits
• Eating too much before bedtime
• Mental health disorders like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease
• Some pain, allergy, or cold medications
• Weight-loss products with caffeine and other stimulants
• Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol consumption
• Sleep-related disorders like restless legs syndrome or sleep apnea
• Medical conditions like chronic pain, diabetes, cancer, asthma, heart disease

Insomnia Risk Factors

In general, insomnia is known to become more common with age meaning that as you get older you have a higher chance to develop this sleep disorder. However, it can also occur in children and teens as well simply because their internal clocks are delayed.

In short, the following groups are at a higher risk of developing insomnia:

• Women due to hormonal changes and during menopause or pregnancy
• Elderly people over age 60 due to changing sleep patterns and health complications
• Those who have a mental or physical condition
• Those who are having a stressful life or have experienced a trauma
• People not following a regular sleep schedule due to shift working or traveling

Insomnia Complications

As sleep can impact the overall health of a person just like a healthy diet or regular exercise, the sleep disorder may lead to many complications and affect both your mental and physical health. In brief, complications of insomnia include:

• Reduced performance at school or on the job as a result of poor focus and attention.
• Decreased reaction time leads to a higher risk of errors or accidents, for instance, while driving.
• Developing a mental health disorder like an anxiety disorder, depression, or drug abuse.
• Increased risk of suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure.

Insomnia Diagnosis and Treatment

To be diagnosed with insomnia, your doctor should perform a physical check, review your sleep habits, and refer you to a sleep specialist for undergoing a sleep study. Then, based on the results, your doctor will determine the most suitable treatment option for you which may include:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
• Stimulus control therapy
• Relaxation techniques
• Sleep restriction
• Paradoxical intention
• Light therapy
• Prescription medications
• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
• Zaleplon (Sonata)
• Ramelteon (Rozerem)
• Zolpidem (Ambien, Intermezzo, Edluar, Zolpimist)
• Alternative medicine
• Melatonin
• Valerian
• Acupuncture
• Meditation
• Yoga or tai chi
• Lifestyle changes
• Strict sleep schedule
• Healthy sleep habits
• Regular physical activity
• Avoid naps
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
• Treat and control pain

The bottom line, insomnia is a complex sleep disorder with many underlying causes and possible complications. Therefore, ensure you consult your doctor to get the appropriate treatment and finally get a good night’s sleep.