Did you know that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea, both respiratory disorders, often come together and can have a remarkable impact on a patient’s quality of life? For that reason, it is important that you understand the relationship between and learn about effective management options for these two chronic conditions. So, let’s begin!
The Similarities and Differences Between COPD and Sleep Apnea
In short, COPD is described as a progressive lung disease marked by airflow limitation whereas sleep apnea is described as a sleep disorder characterized by frequent breathing interruptions during sleep. And, although they are two different conditions, they still have some symptoms and effects in common.
The primary symptoms of COPD include repeated cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and increased mucus production while the main sleep apnea symptoms include excessive daytime sleepiness, gasping or choking while asleep, and loud snoring.
The overlap between these two conditions is that their symptoms lead to poor sleep quality, fatigue, and low blood oxygen levels. Yet, COPD mainly decreases lung function while awake. On the contrary, sleep apnea affects breathing during sleep.
The Connection Between COPD and Sleep Apnea
These two chronic conditions have a complex and bidirectional connection. For instance, COPD does not directly cause sleep apnea but at the same time, it can increase the risk of developing sleep apnea. Also, corticosteroids and other COPD medications can result in weight gain which additionally increases the risk of sleep apnea.
In addition, some risk factors can contribute to both COPD and sleep apnea such as genetic predisposition, smoking, obesity, and advanced age. Plus, breathing issues caused by COPD can have a remarkable impact on sleep quality as they can lead to frequent night time awakenings and decreased oxygen levels in blood during sleep. Then, poor sleep quality can, in turn, worsen COPD symptoms during the day.
Moreover, the repeated breathing interruptions during sleep caused by sleep apnea can exacerbate airway inflammation which can then accelerate COPD progression. Hence, COPD and sleep apnea create a vicious cycle.
Sleep Management Strategies for COPD
Although it may sound trivial, sleep management is essential for COPD patients, especially for those who suffer from both COPD and sleep apnea. One of the most effective ways to improve sleep quality with COPD is a mix of positioning strategies and environmental modifications.
For example, elevating the mattress or using several pillows to get into a semi-reclined position can ease breathing and reduce the risk of reflux which can additionally worsen symptoms. Similarly, COPD patients can use a pillow between the knees to keep proper spinal alignment which reduces chest pressure.
When it comes to environmental modifications, COPD patients should keep their bedrooms cool and humid to ease breathing and reduce the production of mucus. Additionally, the use of an air purifier can help remove irritants and allergens from the air which can also alleviate symptoms.
Furthermore, practicing breathing techniques is found to be significantly effective and helpful for COPD patients who experience sleep difficulties. Some exercises include pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing which can be practiced during the day and at bedtime so that oxygenation improves.
Finally, in severe cases, supplemental oxygen during sleep might be required. Oxygen therapy typically involves nasal tubes or masks connected to machines that administer oxygen and ease both COPD and sleep apnea symptoms.